Quantittative Research Essay

quantifiable enquiry is very common in natural sciences. duodecimal question is manipulationd to verify or support a possibility that already exists. Being with give away the structure provided by a supposal in numeric look for surrounded by variables tested, may create feeling of insecurity. This is apprehensible since quantitative research on human behaviour has a much clearly defined research agenda. Research is conducted through a oscillation of phases. The methods applied to carry out quantative research atomic number 18 selective information analysis, which is poised through statistics.The nature of this type of perspective is known as advantageousness because it strives to tell the world it earth-clo pot be understood in hotshot context. Quantitative research uses a deductive approach, fashioning predictions, and testing hypothesis that ease up already been carried out. (Cooli croupe, H. 1999) Researchers of quantitative research work with numerical data b y analysing numbers. Characteristics have to be put in place in localise for results to be surgical and reliable. Prior to conducting a research, research workers have to call forth both hypotheses. The next project carried out prior to the research is to give the procedure they ar going to use.Researchers have to provide statistical purposeful data and in order to do this they have to use wide-ranging enough samples of flock. A quantifiable sample of 200 people is an infinite minimum in order to carry out a reliable statistical analysis. The accuracy of the research is important thitherfore correct procedures are employed to collect data analysis. In quantitative research payable to the nature, certain types of methods are used to conduct research. Quantitative research is do through questioning and observing. Researchers can manipulate certain parts of the sample when measuring the results.The methods are of systematic approach the four main types of research used in quantitative research are descriptive or survey research, correlational research, unconcerned relative research and observational research. (Bryman, A. 2004) correlational research attempts to determine the consanguinitys between two or to a greater extent variables, look intoal research attempts to look for an cause and effect between two or more variables. Correlational and group difference studies look at alert data this is a non- observational take. The cause an effect here assess the relationship from bingle study that exists with an another(prenominal) study which is the same.Whilst in passing(a) comparative research the investigator has no control over the casual factor in or independent variable because it is studied after the fact, this effect is likewise known as the dependent variable (D. V). Experimental research and casual comparative research looks at cause and effect relationship between two or more variables the difference between the two researches is that casual comparative research have no control whereas experimentational research the researcher has control over the independent variable (I. V). (Bryman, A. 2004) A longitudinal survey was conducted looking at behavioral patterns of version fandoms.The usefulness of this research was to analyse the behaviour of human explained by social facts. Longitudinal studies can be useful because they study the same group of thespians over a certain saying as time passes. The survey examined showing the behavioural comp acent of sport fandom attending games. The data was collected in straightforward seasons, the methodology of study was to be reliable and in order to do this they collected data between clubs. The advantage of this survey showed the composition of the crowd, and their raw behaviour.The usefulness of using quantative methodology was to mensuration overt behaviour, and the disparate aspects in measuring the composition of the sports crowd. This study can be replica ted again to discriminate the quantitative methodology. In this research the reliability and validity is determined more than a qualitative technique. Even though the survey showed the composition of the crowd and their overt behaviour, the methodology does not attempt to explain the profound assumptions of sport fandom. The individuals in the study are regarded as a set of variables making them equivalent across persons and across situations. (www)Structure interviews usually carried out on randomly selected sample of people. In a structured interview the researcher has pre set questions that a subject is required to answer in a given way. Structured interviews are conducted in a casual way and may produce spontaneous and possible answers. The standard interviews can be generalised and applied to the entire population. Sampling of subjects can be laborious, and clump interviews conducted in routine manner may not produce trustworthyistic answers. The British Crime Survey (B. C. S) carries out surveys of randomly selected sample of people questi superstard by structured interviews.In order to understand, the experience of crime and behaviour. (Bryman, A, 2004) In questionnaires and surveys the experiments can be studied on large sample of people. Researchers are able to ask questions close feeling and behaviour in reliableistic situations, the method is cheap. The selected people can be generalised about the real world because they are chosen randomly. In the questionnaire and survey the negative aspect can be that people may not respond truthfully. It is difficult to establish the cause an effect. Questions in surveys may not have been asked about variables.Also through surveys and questionnaires research is often collected which is manipulated. Peoples responses are put in categories that might fit in order to make meaning. (Coolican, H. 1999) Asch (1951) study was conducted to carry out if concord took place. Asch (1951) did a perceptual test to measure accordance there were 36 confederates in the experiment, 20 trials took place. The study was carried out in a laboratory setting. In the experiment where a number of stooges who were confederates of the experiment. In the experiment the stooges where told to give incorrect answers. musician found it hard in the perceptual test to identify which 3 lines was the same length has the standard line. In this study 74% of participants did tally with the stooges verdict and conformed. The mean average of conformity rate amongst participants was 32%. umteen psychologists have criticised Aschs study because they feel the participants where young offenders on probation. The set of participants were under authority figures acting has their experimenters. The other criticism Asch has received was how could one relate the perceptual task to conformity in real life.The other factor that couldve affected conformity in the perceptual task was if there was one participant and one stooge, c onformity wouldve been rather low than one stooge being present in the experiment possibility of conformity would be then higher. The higher the status of stooge the likelihood of conformity would be higher, than if the stooge is a fellow student. Other factors considered to influence different results would be if lines where relatively similar to the standard line then the task would effect the conformity rate. It was a time consuming study, because one participant was tested at a time.In this study the participants were misleaded because of the stooges. The usefulness of the stooges in this experiment was to provide a result whether conformity existed. Rosenow and Rosenthal (1977) suggest that many studies, researchers have clear expectations about what should happen in their research study this can affect on the outcome. In other words, to round extent, researchers welcome what they are expecting to find, simply because they are expected to find it. (Coolican, H. 1999) Researc h can sometimes produce ambiguous interpretations where studies have manipulated the independent variable.Validity in experiments only exists if the true cause and effect relationship is identified. In experimental methods manipulation of one variable can take place in order to keep the other variables constant. Experiments take place to discover accurate and precise discoveries of relationships between variables. In order to rule out option confounding variables designs of experiments are carefully thought. Therefore a validity of experiment carried out on a study should help researcher in future to create and design better experiment. (Russel, J. 000) Researcher In quantitative research is a mere objective observer. In this research the researcher does not participate or influence what is being studied. This is the basic underlying assumption of the method that guides this study. It is through this sequence the types of data are collected. Experiments carried out in field studies are seen has reliable, because people react and behave in an everyday context. On the other hand laboratory studies can be unreliable because variables are controlled, they are low in validity and artificial. Coolican, H. 1999) Researchers use quantitative research in order to find results from experiments. Experiments used in social science have to be done so that they are internally and externally valid. (www. uwa. com In conclusion it can be say that some researchers find that some experiments using quantitative method have limited usefulness because of the low external validity for example of their inapplicability to the real world. On the other hand some researchers consider quantitative research can be statistically reliable.Some researchers find that studies in some cases are manipulated and the results are biased in the way they are measured. The finish of the reliability on quantitative research can be from one idea concept, product package if it is better than the alter native. Researchers using quantitative research see whether a particular population shares certain characteristics in common. Quantitative research is used in connection with statistical analysis and trigger of descriptions. Therefore it is seen appropriate to be used in research to measure both attitudes and behaviour.